Tudur ap Gruffudd

Tudur ap Gruffudd (1365–1405), also known as Tudor de Glendore or Tudor Glendower, was the Lord of Gwyddelwern, a junior title of the Princely house of Powys Fadog, and was the younger brother of Owain Glyndŵr, the Welsh rebel leader crowned Prince of Wales (anglicized by William Shakespeare as 'Owen Glendower' in his play Henry IV). His father was Gruffydd Fychan II, the hereditary Prince of Powys Fadog and previous Lord of Gwyddelwern. Along with his brother, Owain Glyndŵr, Tudur was a member of the Royal House of Mathrafal. History As a Commander and leader of the army, he joined the Glyndŵr Rising, his brother's rebellion, fighting with him, his nephews and extended family such as the Tudors of Penmynydd, Sir Edmund Mortimer of the House of Mortimer, and Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy of the House of Percy, for the independence of Wales and the conquest of England. These last two, and Owain, signed together the Tripartite Indenture, an agreement that would split England and Wales in three separate Kingdoms between themselves after removing from power the King of England, Henry IV. A few months later, Tudur commanded an army with his nephew during the rebellions and fought against Prince Henry, known through Shakespeare as Prince Hal, the future King Henry V of England and winner of the Battle of Agincourt. He later suffered a colossal defeat at the Battle of Pwll Melyn in Wales, and was killed, while his nephew would be captured and sent to the Tower of London, where he would become a prisoner with the young King James I of Scotland. After the battle, he was found among the slain and mistaken for his brother Owain, which made them send a report about Owain's death, confusing the army, but after examining the body, they discovered their mistake. His head was publicly exhibited across London. His other nephews and cousins would also be mercilessly put to death or taken as prisoners by the House of Lancaster. Among Tudur's cousins, who fought with him during the Welsh Revolt, were Gwilym ap Tudur and Rhys ap Tudur, who famously seized Conway Castle, and Maredudd ap Tudur, the father of Sir Owen Tudor, of the Royal House of Tudor. Having lost the war but being spared, Maredudd's son, Sir Owen, fled Wales to establish himself in England, and anglicized his name from Tudur to Tudor. He was Lord Tudur ap Gruffudd first cousin.