Sophia Levy

Sophia Hazel Levy McDonald (December 12, 1888 – December 6, 1963) was an American astronomer, numerical analyst, and mathematics educator. She became the second tenured woman on mathematics faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, at a time when it was unusual for top mathematics programs to have even one female mathematician. Her main research topic concerned the orbits of comets and minor planets. Education and career Levy majored in astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1910, and continued at the university for graduate study in astronomy, supporting herself as Watson Assistant in Astronomy, University Fellow in Astronomy, assistant to the dean of the graduate division, and secretary to the California State Board of Education. She completed her Ph.D. in 1920, but continued in her secretarial work for a few more years, returning to the university to manage the office of the University of California Press and again taking a position as assistant to the dean. After obtaining a position as a research assistant in astronomy, she was hired in 1921 or 1923 as an instructor in mathematics. She obtained a tenure-track position as assistant professor in 1924 or 1925, the second to do so after Pauline Sperry. Beginning in 1933, six mathematics faculty members including Levy, Annie Biddle, three male instructors, and a male assistant professor were all considered for termination, as part of an increased push for research excellence at the university that also included the hire of Griffith C. Evans as a new department chair in 1936. Biddle was let go, with the explanation that because she had married she did not need to remain employed, while the three male instructors were kept on, with the explanation for at least one being that because he was married and had a child he did need to remain employed. Levy and the other assistant professor were also kept on, in Levy's case at least in part because she was unmarried and was supporting another family member, her mother. Continuing at Berkeley, Levy helped found the Northern California Section of the Mathematical Association of America in 1939, and served as its second chair and later as its sectional governor. She was also councilor general of Pi Mu Epsilon. She was tenured as an associate professor in 1940, and promoted to full professor in 1949. She retired in 1954, becoming a professor emerita.