September 5

Events

Pre-1600

394 – On the first day of the battle of Frigidus, the Western Roman troops of Arbogast manage to defend their positions against the Eastern Roman troops of emperor Theodosius I.

917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu.

1234 – The Decretals of Gregory IX, a new canonical collection assembled by Raymond of Peñafort, are promulgated.

1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava

1590 – An army led by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris.

1601–1900

1661 – Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers.

1697 – War of the Grand Alliance: A French warship commanded by Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville defeats an English squadron at the Battle of Hudson's Bay.

1698 – In an effort to Westernize his nobility, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards for all men except the clergy and peasantry.

1725 – Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczyńska.

1774 – First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia.

1781 – Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War: The British Navy is repelled by the French Navy, contributing to the British surrender at Yorktown.

1791 – Olympe de Gouges writes the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.

1793 – French Revolution: The French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.

1798 – Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law.

1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Wayne begins when Chief Winamac's forces attack two soldiers returning from the fort's outhouses.

1816 – Louis XVIII of France has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").

1836 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.

1901–present

1905 – Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, United States, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.

1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.

1915 – The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.

1932 – The French Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls to the Nationalists following a one-day siege.

1938 – Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are executed after surrendering during a failed coup.

1941 – Whole territory of Estonia is occupied by Nazi Germany.

1942 – World War II: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, the first major Japanese defeat in land warfare during the Pacific War.

1943 – World War II: In the Pacific Theater, the 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Lae Nadzab Airport, near Lae during the Salamaua–Lae campaign.

1944 – Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.

1945 – Cold War: Igor Gouzenko, a Soviet Union embassy clerk, defects to Canada, exposing Soviet espionage in North America, signalling the beginning of the Cold War.

1945 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese American who broadcast under the name Orphan Annie during World War II, is arrested in Yokohama by U.S. military authorities amid widespread speculation of her being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose.

Births

Pre-1600

989 – Fan Zhongyan, Chinese chancellor (died 1052)

1187 – Louis VIII, king of France (died 1226)

1201 – Alix of Thouars, duchess of Brittany (died 1221)

1269 – Agnes of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria (died 1296)

1319 – Peter IV, king of Aragon (died 1387)

1451 – Isabel Neville, daughter of Richard Neville (died 1476)

1500 – Maria of Jever, ruler of the Lordship of Jever (died 1575)

1533 – Jacopo Zabarella, Italian philosopher and logician (died 1589)

1540 – Magnus of Holstein, prince of Denmark (died 1583)

1567 – Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (died 1636)

1568 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian poet, philosopher, and theologian (died 1639)

1601–1900

1638 – Louis XIV, king of France (died 1715)

1641 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English diplomat (died 1702)

1642 – Maria of Orange-Nassau, Dutch princess (died 1688)

1651 – William Dampier, English explorer (died 1715)

1666 – Gottfried Arnold, German historian and theologian (died 1714)

1667 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (died 1733)

1694 – František Václav Míča, Czech conductor and composer (died 1744)

1695 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician and diplomat (died 1770)

1722 – Frederick Christian, Prince-Elector of Saxony (died 1763)

1725 – Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician and theorist (died 1799)

1735 – Johann Christian Bach, German-English viol player and composer (died 1782)

1750 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and author (died 1774)

1769 – John Shortland, English commander (died 1810)

1771 – Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (died 1847)

1772 – Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Iranian king (died 1834)

1901–present

1901 – Florence Eldridge, American actress (died 1988)

1901 – Mario Scelba, Italian politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Italy (died 1991)

1902 – Jean Dalrymple, American playwright, producer, manager, and publicist (died 1998)

1902 – Darryl F. Zanuck, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1979)

1904 – Vera Bradford, Australian pianist and educator (died 2004)

1905 – Maurice Challe, French general (died 1979)

1905 – Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author (died 1983)

1905 – Justiniano Montano, Filipino lawyer and politician (died 2005)

1906 – Ralston Crawford, American painter, lithographer, and photographer (died 1978)

1906 – Sunnyland Slim, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1995)

1908 – Josué de Castro, Brazilian physician, geographer, and activist (died 1973)

1908 – Joaquín Nin-Culmell, German-American pianist and composer (died 2004)

1908 – Cecilia Seghizzi, Italian composer and painter (died 2019)

1908 – Renzo Rivolta, Italian engineer (died 1966)

Deaths

Pre-1600

590 – Authari, Lombard king (born 540)

714 – Shang, emperor of the Tang Dynasty

1165 – Nijō, emperor of Japan (born 1143)

1235 – Henry I, duke of Brabant (born 1165)

1311 – Amadeus Aba, Hungarian oligarch

1336 – Charles d'Évreux, count of Étampes (born 1305)

1526 – Alonso de Salazar, Spanish explorer

1548 – Catherine Parr, Queen Consort of England and sixth wife of Henry VIII (born c. 1512)

1562 – Katharina Zell, German Protestant reformer (born 1497)

1569 – Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London (born c. 1500)

1601–1900

1607 – Pomponne de Bellièvre, French politician, Chancellor of France (born 1529)

1629 – Domenico Allegri, Italian singer-songwriter (born 1585)

1734 – Nicolas Bernier, French composer (born 1664)

1786 – Jonas Hanway, English merchant and philanthropist (born 1712)

1803 – Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (born 1741)

1803 – François Devienne, French flute player and composer (born 1759)

1836 – Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian actor and playwright (born 1790)

1838 – Charles Percier, French architect and interior decorator (born 1764)

1857 – Auguste Comte, French sociologist and philosopher (born 1798)

1876 – Manuel Blanco Encalada, Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (born 1790)

1877 – Crazy Horse, American tribal leader (born 1849)

1894 – George Stoneman, Jr., United States Army cavalry officer (born 1822)

1898 – Sarah Emma Edmonds, Canadian-American nurse, soldier, and spy (born 1841)

1901–present

1901 – Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist and academic (born 1853)

1902 – Rudolf Virchow, German anthropologist, pathologist, and biologist (born 1821)

1906 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist and philosopher (born 1844)

1909 – Louis Bouveault, French chemist (born 1864)

1912 – Arthur MacArthur, Jr., American LTG (Army), Medal of Honor recipient (born 1845)

1917 – Marian Smoluchowski, Austrian-Polish physicist and mountaineer (born 1872)

1920 – Robert Harron, American actor (born 1893)

1922 – Georgette Agutte, French painter (born 1867)

1926 – Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician (born 1890)

1930 – Robert Means Thompson, American soldier, businessman, and philanthropist (born 1849)

1931 – John Thomson, Scottish footballer (born 1909)

1932 – Francisco Acebal, Spanish journalist, author, and playwright (born 1866)

1932 – Paul Bern, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1889)

1934 – Sidney Myer, Russian-Australian businessman, founded Myer Stores (born 1878)

1936 – Gustave Kahn, French poet and critic (born 1859)

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:

Bertin

Charbel (martyr)

Genebald

Gregorio Aglipay (Episcopal Church)

Mother Teresa

Ursicinus of Ravenna

Zechariah and Elisabeth (Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Church)

September 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Earliest date on which Jeûne genevois can fall, while September 11 is the latest; celebrated on Thursday after the first Sunday of September. (Canton of Geneva)

International Day of Charity

Teacher's Day (India)

The flag-flying day for Denmark's deployed personnel (Denmark)

First day of school in Vietnam