Posse is a German and Swedish surname. Notable people with the name include:
Abel Posse, Argentine writer
Amelie Posse, Swedish writer
Arvid Posse, (1820–1901), Prime Minister of Sweden
Arvid Mauritz Posse, (1792–1850), Swedish Prime Minister for Justice and Marshal of the Realm
Hans Posse (1879–1942), special envoy of the Führermuseum
Knut Posse, Swedish Commander killed at the Battle of Brunkeberg
Konstantin Posse, (1847–1928), Russian mathematician, student of Pafnuty Chebyshev
Martín Posse, Argentine football manager and former player
Nicolás Posse, Argentine politician and industrial engineer
Vladimir Posse (1864–1940), Russian socialist journalist