Philip Thompson (August 20, 1789 – November 25, 1836) was a member of the U.S. representative from Kentucky.
Born in Mercer County, near Harrodsburg, Kentucky, Thompson received a limited education. He served as a lieutenant in the War of 1812 with 10th Company of Barbour's Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Militia.
Thompson held several local offices and practiced law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hartford, Ohio County, Kentucky. After moving to Owensboro, Kentucky, he served in the State house of representatives.
Thompson was elected as an Adams-Clay Republican to the Eighteenth Congress (March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825). Apparently he did not seek re-election in 1824 and resumed the practice of law in Owensboro.
He died in Owensboro on November 25, 1836. Originally interred in the Moseley burying ground on Firth Street, he was reinterred in Rural Hill (later Rosehill Elmwood) Cemetery in 1856.