Madeleine de Bourbon

Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (23 March 1898 – 1 September 1984) was the titular Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (from 1974) and was also Carlist Queen of Spain (from 1952) as the consort of Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, the Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne. Life and family She was born of a cadet branch of the Bourbon Counts of Busset, male-line descendants of Louis de Bourbon (1437–1482), prince du sang, Bishop of Liège, allegedly by a liaison with Catherine de Gueldres. Her father was Georges de Bourbon-Busset, Count de Lignières (1860–1932), and her mother Marie Jeanne née de Kerret-Quillien (1866–1958). Prince Xavier, a younger son of Robert I, Duke of Parma, and Madeleine were wed on 12 November 1927 at the château de Lignières in Cher. The couple took up residence in the Bourbonnais, where Xavier managed Madeleine's farm lands. The marriage was accepted as dynastic at the time by neither Prince Elias of Bourbon-Parma (Xavier's elder half-brother, then acting head of the House of Bourbon-Parma), nor by the senior Bourbons of the Spanish branch (Alfonso XIII), but was later recognized by the Parmesan Duke Robert Hugo, and by the Carlist pretender Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime. In 1936, Alfonso Carlos, the last undisputed head of the Carlist movement, appointed her husband Xavier as Carlist "regent". Madeleine actively supported her husband's political activities and social views. Madeleine was the author of "Catherine de Médicis", published in France in 1940.