Gottlieb (formerly D. Gottlieb & Co.) was an American arcade game corporation based in Chicago, Illinois. It is best known for creating a vast line of pinball machines and arcade games (including Q*bert) throughout much of the 20th century.
Contents
History
Gottlieb's main office and plant was at 1140-50 N. Kostner Avenue until the early 1970s, when a new modern plant and office were opened at 165 W. Lake Street in Northlake, IL. A subassembly plant was also built in Fargo, ND.
The company was established by David Gottlieb in 1927 with his brother Sol, and initially produced only pinball machines. In October 1932 the company moved to a factory four times the size of its previous one. It later expanded into various other games, including pitch-and-bats, bowling games, and eventually video arcade games (notably Reactor, Q*bert and M*A*C*H*3.)
Like other manufacturers, Gottlieb first made mechanical pinball machines, including the first successful coin-operated pinball machine Baffle Ball in 1931. Electromechanical machines were produced starting in 1935. During the second world war Gottlieb ceased production of pinball machines in favour of war work. The 1947 development of player-actuated, solenoid-driven 2-inch bats called "flippers" revolutionized the industry, giving players the ability to shoot the ball back up into the playfield for more points. Flippers first appeared on a Gottlieb game called Humpty Dumpty, designed by Harry Mabs. By this time, the games also became noted for their artwork by Roy Parker.
In the late 1950s, Gottlieb made more widespread use of numerical score reels, making multiple player games more practical than the traditional scoring expressed by cluttered series of lights in the back box. Score reels eventually appeared on single-player games, now known as "wedgeheads" because of their distinctive tapered back box shape. By the 1970s, artwork on Gottlieb games was almost always by Gordon Morison, and the company had begun designing their games with longer 3-inch flippers, now the industry standard.
The company made the move into solid state machines starting in the late 1970s. The first few of these were remakes of electromechanical machines such as Cleopatra (in 1977), Joker Poker and Charlie's Angels. By that time, multiple player machines were more the mode and wedgeheads were no longer being produced. The last wedgehead was T.K.O. (1979) and the last single player machine was Asteroid Annie and The Aliens (1980).
Gottlieb was bought by Columbia Pictures for $47M in 1976. By 1979 it had approximately 650 employees. Gottlieb released Q*bert in 1982, which would become immensely successful and is an icon of the golden age of arcade games. In 1983, the year after the Coca-Cola Company had acquired Columbia, Gottlieb was renamed Mylstar Electronics, but this proved to be short-lived. By 1984 the video game industry in North America was in the middle of a shakeout and Columbia closed down Mylstar at the end of September 1984. A management group, led by Gilbert G. Pollock, purchased Mylstar's pinball assets in October 1984 and continued the manufacture of pinball machines under a new company, Premier Technology. On 1985, certain assets of Gottlieb/Mylstar's video game division were sold to JVW Electronics, a Chicago-based electronics company founded by three former Gottlieb/Mylstar executives: John C. Von Lessen, William Jacobs, and Ron Waxman. As a result of this a number of prototype Mylstar arcade games, which were not purchased by the investors, were never released. Premier did go on to produce one last arcade game, 1989's Exterminator. Premier Technology, which returned to selling pinball machines under the name Gottlieb after the purchase, continued in operation until the summer of 1996. By 1992, Premier had started to create redemption and other gaming coin-op machines.
Licensing and rights
The 1965 machine Gottlieb's Kings & Queens is the one played by the title character in the 1975 rock opera movie Tommy about a psychosomatically blind, deaf, and mute pinball wizard. Today, Gottlieb's pinball machines (along with those distributed under the Mylstar and Premier names), as well as the "Gottlieb" and "D. Gottlieb & Co." trademarks (USPTO registration nos. 1403592, 2292766, and 3288024, and other numbers in countries around the world), are owned by Gottlieb Development LLC of Pelham Manor, New York. Most of Gottlieb and Mylstar's video games are currently owned by Columbia Pictures.
Gottlieb video games
Published
No Man's Land (1980) – licensed from Universal
New York! New York! (1981) – licensed from Sigma Enterprises
Reactor (1982)
Q*bert (1982)
Mad Planets (1983)
Krull (1983)
Juno First (1983) – licensed from Konami
M.A.C.H. 3 (1983) – laserdisc game; published under Mylstar name
Us vs. Them (1984) – laserdisc game; published under Mylstar name
The Three Stooges In Brides Is Brides (1984) – published under Mylstar name
Q*bert Qubes (1983) – published under Mylstar name
Curve Ball (1984) – published under Mylstar name
Exterminator (1989) – published under Premier Technology name
Unreleased prototypes
Gridlee (1982) – licensed from Videa, Inc.
Argus (1982) – a.k.a. Videoman, Protector and Guardian
Insector (1982)
Arena (1982) – Early-development stages of Wiz Warz
Quizimodo (1982)
Knightmare (1983)
Faster, Harder, More Challenging Q*bert (1983) – developed under Mylstar name
Screw Loose (1983) – developed under Mylstar name
Tylz (1984) – developed under Mylstar name
Video Vince and the Game Factory (1984) – developed under Mylstar name
Wiz Warz (1984) – developed under Mylstar name
Gottlieb pinball machines
Source:
Pure mechanical pinball/bagatelle machines
Incomplete list:
Bingo (1931)
Bingo Ball (1931)
Baffle Ball (1931)
Stop and Sock (1931)
Mibs (1931)
Baffle Ball Sr. (1932)
Play-Boy (1932)
Play-Boy Sr. (1932)
Whizz-Bang (1932)
Five Star Final (1932)
Five Star Final Jr. (1932)
Five Star Final Sr. (1932)
Cloverleaf (1932)
Brokers Tip (1933)
Big Broadcast (1933)
Big Broadcast Sr. (1933)
Speedway (1933)
Scoreboard (1933)
Black Beauty (1934)
Firestone (1934)
Jungle Hunt (1935)
Par-Golf (1935)
Electromechanical pinball/flipperless machines
Incomplete list:
Relay (1934)
Sunshine Baseball (1936)
Playboy (1937)
Humpty Dumpty #1 (1947)
Miss America (1947)
Lady Robin Hood (1947)
Jack 'n Jill (1948)
Olde King Cole (1948)
K. C. Jones (1949)
Bank-A-Ball #34 (1950)
Buffalo Bill (1950)
Knock Out (1950)
Triplets #40 (1950)
Minstrel Man (1951)
Disc Jockey (1952)
Happy Go Lucky (1952)
Skill Pool (1952)
Queen of Hearts (1952)
Quartette (1952)
Quintette (1953)
Gold Star (1954)
Sweet Heart (1954)
Dragonette (1954)
Diamond Lill (1954)
Hawaiian Beaty (1954)
System 1 Pinball Machines
Cleopatra #409 (1977) (was also released as two EM versions (Cleopatra, 4 player and Pyramid, 2 player))
Sinbad #412 (1978) (was also released as an EM version)
Joker Poker #417 (1978) (was also released as an EM version)
Dragon #419 (1978) (was also released as an EM version)
Solar Ride #421 (1979) (was also released as an EM version)
Charlie's Angels #425 (1978) (was also released as an EM version)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind #424 (1978) - 9,950 Solid State games and 470 Electro-Mechanical games made
Count-Down #422 (1979) - 9,899 Games made (Also released as a 2 player EM version as Space Walk)
Pinball Pool #427 (1979) - 7,200 Games made
Totem #429 (1979) - 6,643 Games made
The Incredible Hulk #433 (1979) - 6,150 Games made, a few of these games had System 80 electronics to test the new System 80 platform as model #500.
Genie #435 (1979) - Wide body game. 6,800 Games made
Buck Rogers #437 (1980) - 7,410 Games made
Torch #438 (1980) - 3,880 Games made
Roller Disco #440 (1980) - Wide body game with bright neon colors. 2,400 games made
System 80 pinball machines
Panthera #652 (1980)
The Amazing Spider-Man #653 (1980)
Circus #654 (1980)
Counterforce #656 (1980)
Star Race #657 (1980)
James Bond 007 #658 (1980)
Time Line #659 (1980)
Force II #661 (1981)
Pink Panther #664 (1981)
Mars God of War #666 (1981)
Volcano #667 (1981)
Black Hole #668 (1981)
Haunted House #669 (1982)
Eclipse #671 (1982)
System 80A pinball machines
Devil's Dare #670 (1982)
Rocky #672 (1982)
Spirit #673 (1982)
Punk! #674 (1982)
Caveman #PV810 (1982) (features an additional video game screen and a joystick)
Striker #675 (1982)
Krull #676 (1983)
Q*bert's Quest #677 (1983) – based on the Q*bert video game
Super Orbit #680 (1983)
Royal Flush Deluxe #681 (1983)
Goin' Nuts #682 (1983)
Amazon Hunt #684 (1983)
Rack 'Em Up! #685 (1983)
Ready...Aim...Fire! #686 (1983)
Jacks to Open #687 (1984)
Touchdown #688 (1984)
Alien Star #689A (1984)
The Games #691 (1984)
El Dorado City of Gold #692 (1984)
Ice Fever #695 (1985)
System 80B pinball machines
Bounty Hunter #694 (1985)
Chicago Cubs Triple Play #696 (1985)
Rock #697 (1985)
Tag-Team Pinball #698 (1985)
Ace High #700 (1985) – never produced
Raven #702 (1986)
Hollywood Heat #703 (1986)
Rock Encore #704 (1986) – conversion kit for Rock
Genesis #705 (1986)
Spring Break #706 (1987)
Gold Wings #707 (1986)
Monte Carlo #708 (1987)
Arena #709 (1987)
Victory #710 (1987)
Diamond Lady #711 (1988)
TX-Sector #712 (1988)
Big House #713 (1988)
Robo-War #714 (1988)
Excalibur #715 (1988)
Bad Girls #717 (1988)
Hot Shots #718 (1989)
Bone Busters, Inc. #719 (1989)
System 3 pinball machines
Lights...Camera...Action! #720 (1989)
Silver Slugger #722 (1990)
Vegas #723 (1990)
Deadly Weapon #724 (1990)
Title Fight #726 (1990)
Car Hop #725 (1991)
Hoops #727 (1991)
Cactus Jack's #729 (1991)
Class of 1812 #730 (1991)
Amazon Hunt III #684D (1991) – conversion kit
Surf 'N Safari #731 (1991)
Operation Thunder #732 (1992) – last Gottlieb machine to use an alphanumeric display
Super Mario Bros. #733 (1992) – Based on the Super Mario Bros. video game by Nintendo; first Gottlieb machine to use a dot-matrix display (DMD). It was one of America's top ten best-selling pinball machines of 1992, receiving a Gold Award from the American Amusement Machine Association (AAMA).
Super Mario Bros. - Mushroom World #N105 (1992)
Cue Ball Wizard #734 (1992)
Street Fighter II #735 (1993) – based on the Street Fighter II video game by Capcom; in 1995–1996, pinball machines were produced under the name Capcom, originally were made in the Gottlieb factory
Tee'd Off #736 (1993)
Gladiators #737 (1993)
Wipe Out #738 (1993)